The Jinnah family ( ur, ; gu, ઝીણા કુટુંબ, جھينا کُٹومب) was a political family of

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. Jinnahs have played an important role in the

Pakistan Movement The Pakistan Movement ( ur, , translit=Teḥrīk-e-Pākistān) was a political movement in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India. It was connected to the pe ...

for creation of Pakistan, a separate country for

Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...

of India. The family held the leadership of

All-India Muslim League The All-India Muslim League (AIML) was a political party established in Dhaka in 1906 when a group of prominent Muslim politicians met the Viceroy of British India, Lord Minto, with the goal of securing Muslim interests on the Indian subcontin ...

, and its successor,

Muslim League Muslim League may refer to: Political parties Subcontinent ; British India *All-India Muslim League, Mohammed Ali Jinah, led the demand for the partition of India resulting in the creation of Pakistan. **Punjab Muslim League, a branch of the organ ...

, until it dissolved in 1958 by martial law. Originally from a

Gujarati Gujarati may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Gujarat, a state of India * Gujarati people, the major ethnic group of Gujarat * Gujarati language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them * Gujarati languages, the Western Indo-Aryan sub ...

Khoja The Khojas ( sd}; gu, ખોજા, hi, ख़ोजा) are a mainly Nizari Isma'ili Shia community of people originating in Gujarat, India. Derived from the Persian Khwaja, a term of honor, the word Khoja is used to refer to Lohana Rajput ...

background, they moved to

Karachi Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former cap ...

from

Kathiawar Kathiawar () is a peninsula, near the far north of India's west coast, of about bordering the Arabian Sea. It is bounded by the Gulf of Kutch in the northwest and by the Gulf of Khambhat (Gulf of Cambay) in the east. In the northeast, it is ...

Bombay Presidency The Bombay Presidency or Bombay Province, also called Bombay and Sind (1843–1936), was an administrative subdivision (province) of British India, with its capital in the city that came up over the seven islands of Bombay. The first mainl ...

in the 19th century.Gujrats gifts to India and Pakistan
/ref> Jinnah's paternal grandfather was from

Paneli Moti Paneli Moti is a village in Upleta, a tehsil in the Rajkot district of Gujarat, India. Notable people * Jinnah family and, among them, Emibai_Jinnah (1878-1893), first wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan *Harshad Mehta, an Indian s ...

village in

Gondal state Gondal State is one of the eight first class princely states of Kathiawar Agency, Bombay Presidency in India. the capital of the state is Gondal town. History Gondal State is established in 1634 AD by Thakore Shri Kumbhoji I Meramanji, wh ...

peninsula (now in

Gujarat Gujarat (, ) is a state along the western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the fifth-largest Indian state by area, covering some ; and the ninth ...

, India). Jinnah was the eldest of seven children of Jinnahbhai Poonja, a prosperous merchant, and his wife, Mithibai. His family was a member of the Khoja caste, Hindus who had converted to Islam centuries earlier and who were followers of the Aga Khan. Although born to a Khoja (from Khwaja or 'noble') family who were disciples of the Aga Khan, Jinnah moved towards the Sunni sect early in life. There is evidence later, given by his relatives and associates in court, to establish that he was firmly a Sunni Muslim by the end of his life.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Ali Jinnah (, ; born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the ...

(also referred to as only ''Jinnah'') and Fatima Jinnah, have been important figures in the history of Pakistan. Jinnah is considered as the

founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah (, ; born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the ...

and he served as the first

Governor General Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

of Pakistan upon independence, while Fatima played an important role in the struggle for

and was the founding mother of Pakistan. Jinnah and Fatima have remained extremely important and well-respected figures in Pakistan, even after their deaths. Several public places, universities, and hospitals in the world have been named after Jinnah and his sister Fatima, and the former's birth and death anniversary are among the

public holidays in Pakistan In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichke ...

Members of the Jinnah family

The ancestors of Jinnah were Khoja from

village in

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...

Jinnah's grandfather converted to Islam.

Second generation

*Jinnahbhai Poonja. (also referred to as Jina Poonja), a Khoja (1857–1902), was married to Mithhibai.Closed fist worth millions
/ref> ** m. Mithhibai ** Jinnahbhai Poonja was a prosperous

merchant. He moved to Karachi before Muhammad Ali Jinnah's birth. He and his wife had 7 children:Fact file: Jinnah's family
/ref> #

# Ahmed Ali Jinnah # Bunde Ali Jinnah # Rahmat Bai Jinnah # Shireen Bai Jinnah # Fatima Jinnah # Maryam Bai Jinnah

Third generation

(1876–1948) ** Jinnah is the founder of

and was the country's first Governor-General. His first marriage in 1892 was the result of his mother urging him to marry his cousin

Emibai Jinnah Emibai Jinnah ( ur, ایمبائ جناح; 1878 - 1893) was the first cousin and the first wife of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah from 1892 until her death in 1893. Marriage and death Emibai Jinnah was born in 1878 in Paneli ...

before he left for England to pursue higher studies. However, Emibai died a few months later. His second marriage took place in 1918 to

Rattanbai Petit Rattanbai Jinnah (''née'' Petit; 20 February 1900 – 20 February 1929), also known as Ruttie Jinnah, was the wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, an important figure in the creation of Pakistan and the country's founder. Additionally, Rattanbai Petit ...

(granddaughter of

Dinshaw Maneckji Petit Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, 1st Baronet (30 June 18235 May 1901) was an Indian entrepreneur and founder of the first textile mills in India, as well as a great philanthropist. He was part of the Petit family and became the first Petit baronet ...

and

Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (R.D. Tata, 1856–1926) was an Indian businessman who played a pivotal role in the growth of the Tata Group in India. He was the first cousin of Jamsetji Tata, a pioneering industrialist and the founder of Tata Sons. He w ...

), a Parsi who was 24 years his junior. Rattanbai

converted to Islam Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others. Thus "religious conversion" would describe the abandoning of adherence to one denomination and affiliatin ...

when she married Jinnah. In 1919, she gave birth to their only daughter,

Dina Jinnah Dina Wadia (born Dina Jinnah; 15 August 19192 November 2017) was the daughter of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founding father of Pakistan and Rattanbai Petit. She belonged to the prominent Jinnah family through her father, the Petit fa ...

. ** m.

***

Dawn (newspaper) ''Dawn'' is a Pakistani English-language newspaper that was launched in British India in 1941. It is the largest English newspaper in Pakistan, and also serves as the country's newspaper of record. ''Dawn'' is the flagship publication of the ...

Fact File: "In his youth, Mohammad Ali Jinnah was married to a distant cousin named Emibai from Paneli village in Gujarat at his mother's urging. At the time of their marriage, Jinnah was only 16 and Emibai was 14. The marriage was arranged by his mother because she feared that when Jinnah went to England, he might end up marrying an English girl. The couple hardly lived together as Jinnah sailed from India soon after his marriage and Emibai died a few weeks later." ** m.

Rattanbai Jinnah Rattanbai Jinnah (''née'' Petit; 20 February 1900 – 20 February 1929), also known as Ruttie Jinnah, was the wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, an important figure in the creation of Pakistan and the country's founder. Additionally, Rattanbai Petit ...

(1900-1929) * Ahmed Ali Jinnah * Bunde Ali Jinnah * Rahmat Bai Jinnah * Shireen Jinnah * Fatima Jinnah (1893–1967) ** Fatima Jinnah was a dental surgeon, biographer, stateswoman, and one of the leading Founding mothers of modern-state of Pakistan. She also played a pivotal role in civil rights and introduced the women's rights movement in the

. After her brother's death she continued to play a pivotal role in Pakistani politics and in 1965 returned to active politics by running against

Ayub Khan Ayub Khan is a compound masculine name; Ayub is the Arabic version of the name of the Biblical figure Job, while Khan or Khaan is taken from the title used first by the Mongol rulers and then, in particular, their Islamic and Persian-influenced s ...

in the 1965 elections. * Maryam Bai Jinnah

Fourth generation

Dina Wadia Dina Wadia (born Dina Jinnah; 15 August 19192 November 2017) was the daughter of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founding father of Pakistan and Rattanbai Petit. She belonged to the prominent Jinnah family through her father, the Petit fa ...

(1919–2017) ** Dina was born to

and Rattainbai Jinnah (née

Petit Petite or petite may refer to: *Petit (crater), a small, bowl-shaped lunar crater on Mare Spumans * ''Petit'' (EP), a 1995 EP by Japanese singer-songwriter Ua * Petit (typography), another name for brevier-size type *Petit four * Petit Gâteau *P ...

) in

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

shortly after midnight on the morning of 15 August 1919. As

Stanley Wolpert Stanley Wolpert (December 23, 1927 – February 19, 2019) was an American historian, Indologist, and author on the political and intellectual history of modern India and PakistanDr. Stanley Wolpert's UCLA Faculty homepage and wrote fiction and ...

's ''Jinnah of Pakistan'' records: "Oddly enough, precisely twenty-eight years to the day and hour before the birth of Jinnah's other offspring, Pakistan." She had a rift with her father when she expressed her desire to marry a

Parsi Parsis () or Parsees are an ethnoreligious group of the Indian subcontinent adhering to Zoroastrianism. They are descended from Persians who migrated to Medieval India during and after the Arab conquest of Iran (part of the early Muslim conq ...

-born Indian,

Neville Wadia Neville Ness Wadia (22 August 1911 – 31 July 1996) was a British businessman, philanthropist and a member of the Wadia family, an old Parsi family which, by the 1840s, was one of the leading forces in the Indian shipbuilding industry. W ...

. According to M C Chagla in "Roses in December", Jinnah, a

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

, disowned his daughter after trying to dissuade her from marrying Neville. Dina Wadia was the only direct living link to Jinnah and the nation of Pakistan claiming her father as its own

father of the nation The Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a person considered the driving force behind the establishment of a country, state, or nation. (plural ), also seen as , was a Roman honorific meaning the "Father of the Fatherland", best ...

is assumed to have some kind of kinship with her according to Akbar S. Ahmed. His descendants through her are part of the

Wadia family The Wadia family is a Parsi family from Surat, India currently based in Mumbai, India. The family rose to wealth in the mid-1700s as ship-builders serving the British East India Company as the latter established its sway over India. During t ...

and reside in India as she married and stayed in India after the

creation Creation may refer to: Religion *''Creatio ex nihilo'', the concept that matter was created by God out of nothing * Creation myth, a religious story of the origin of the world and how people first came to inhabit it * Creationism, the belief tha ...

in 1947. Dina Wadia lived alone with staff in the

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

, United States.Business baron Nusli Wadia attends to his ailing mother
/ref> Wadia died of pneumonia at her home in New York on 1 November 2017 at the age of 98.

Estates

;Private estates *

Wazir Mansion The Wazir Mansion ( ur, ) known officially as Quaid-i-Azam Birthplace MuseumWazir Mansion forgotten?
Dawn ...

, Jinnah's birthplace in Karachi *

South Court Jinnah House is an unoccupied house in Malabar Hill, a premium neighbourhood of the city of Mumbai in India associated with Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. It is also known as South Court and Malabar Hill mansion. It was built by M ...

, Muhammad Ali Jinnah's former residence in

Mumbai Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

, India, currently owned by the government of India. * Muhammad Ali Jinnah House, Jinnah's former House at 10 Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road,

New Delhi New Delhi (, , ''Naī Dillī'') is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House ...

, currently the Dutch Embassy in India. *

Quaid-e-Azam House The Quaid-e-Azam House, also known as Flagstaff House, is a house museum dedicated to the personal life of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. Located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, it was designed by British architect Moses Somake. T ...

, Muhammad Ali Jinnah's House in Karachi ;Official residences * Governor-General's House, Jinnah's official residence in Karachi *

Quaid-e-Azam Residency Quaid-e-Azam Residency ( ur, ), also known as Ziarat Residency, is located in Ziarat, Balochistan, Pakistan. It is where Muhammad Ali Jinnah spent the last two months and ten days of his life, nursed by A. S. Nathaniel. It is the most famous l ...

, Jinnah's residence in Balochistan where he spent the last days of his life

Family photos

File:Jinnah Poonjha.jpg,

Jinnahbhai Poonja Muhammad Ali Jinnah (, ; born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the ...

File:Quaidportrait.jpg,

File:Fatima jinnah1.jpg, Fatima Jinnah File:Emibai Muhammad Ali Jinnah.jpg,

File:Maryam Jinnah portrait.jpg,

Family tree

References

{{Authority control

Family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Political families of Pakistan Muslim families First Families of Pakistan Gujarati people Muhajir families Khoja Ismailism Pakistani Sunni Muslims Indian Sunni Muslims